Combustion chamber for internal-combustion engines



July 24, 1928. 1,678,348

A. MOORE COMBUSTIW CHAMBER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION -ENGINES Filed Oct. 30, 1926 INVE TOR 4LOVTOM 0065 ATTORNEY lll Patented July 241', 1923.

hurra snares earner o ARLINGTON MOORE, O F NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, T 7

wane

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MAKMOOR CQRPORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. 'Y., A CURPOBATION OF DELAWARE.

COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOB INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed October 36, 1926. Serial Ito. 145,212.

My invention is of an anti-detonating coinbustion chamber for internal combustion engines. I

The invention is especially adapted for use in side valve four-cycle engines, and particularly L-head engines, but may be made use of with engines of various other types. For convenience, the language of vertical engines is employed herein, but not in a limiting sense, as the cylinders may be arranged horizontally, or slanting, or in various other ways.

According to the present invention that part of the upper wall or ceiling of the combustion chamber which is over the cylinder bore and over the piston reciprocating there'- in, has a downward projecting portion of substantially annular and preferably circular outline with the spark plug located in the interior and preferably at the center of such annular downward projection.

This annular downward projection is arranged to present a plurality of substantially plane surfaces with intermediate substantially riser surfaces and preferably the inner and outer sides of the downwardly projecting annulus have the annular substantially plane surfaces thereof arranged in a substantially step formation, the projecting annulus being widest at the top and diminishing in width in a series of gradual annularly disposed steps or other equivalent formation.

lily invention will he best understood from the description of the illustrative embodiment thereof shown in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. l is a partial vertical sectional view of an L-head four-cycle en-.

gine having a combustion-chamber embodying my invention, said section being taken on line l1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the top wall or ceiling of the combustion chamber shown in Fig. l.

The engine, indicated generally by reference character 10, has a cylinder block 12, and cylinder head i l, and is provided with side valves, one of which is shown at 16. The cylinder bore 18 communicates with the combustion chamber 20 and the ceiling or top wall 22 of the combustion chamber 20, which is preferably water-jacketed as shown at 24, has formed therein, over the cylinder bore 18, the downwardly extending annular projection 28. daid projection 28, as shown, is narrowest at its lowermost part, where it terminates in the substantially flat annular shaped surface 27 of the projection 26. ln-

termediate of the substantially plane steps,

the wall of the projection 26 present substantially vertical or riser surfaces, those on the exterior being designated as 42, 4'1 46, and the riser surfaces on the interior wall as 48, 50, 52, 54-.

inside the water jacket a depression 56 is formed, which preferably has wall surfaces generally similar to those on the combustionchamber side of the cylinder head, so as to secure substantially uniform wall thickness and efficient cooling of the extended surfaces provided, and the area of which is very much in excess of the surface area possible to be obtained with a plain combustion chamber ceiling in the cylinder head, it being possible in this or equivalent ways to reduce the clearance volume of the engine cylinder and at the same time to increase the exposed surface area within the combustion chamber,

The spark plug 57 is preferably located in an opening 58 formed within, and desirably at the center of the projection 26 and, therefore, also at the center of the recess 38.

While the head 62 of piston 64; is shown as of the ordinary flat formation, it may be of other forms within the scope of my invention.

Without commitment to a specific theory of operation, it believe that the advantages which are obtained with the use of my invention, including freedom from detonation and preignition when the engine is run on ordinary fuel without use of anti-detonating fuel dopes or components and with a compression ratio of the order of 6 :1 or higher, are due to the breaking up of any pressure wave which may precede flame travel by the various generally plane surfaces encountered. which are arranged at continually changing angles. and by expansion of such the mouth 40 of recess 38; that the flame travel is speeded up by surface combustion effect of the gases concentrated at or near the extensive metallic surfaces interposed within the path of fiametravel; that the turbulence imparted to the gases both on intake and compression strokes serves to mix the fuel thoroughly with the other charge components and accelerates flame travel after ignition; and that preignition, which might result from any local incandescence, is avoided by withdrawal of heat therefrom by the turbulent gases and delivery of such heat to the extensive cooling surface provided.

The highest benefits'of the present invention are realized when complete combustion and absence of carbon deposits are obtained by the use of my improved system of combustion, involving the supplying to the engine intake over the throttle of exhaust gas and air at temperatures and in proportions and quantities metered to suit the engine requirements at varying speeds and loads, as set forth, for example, in my copending application Serial No. 757,075, filed'December 19th, 1924.

The subject matter of my invention disclosed in this application and'not claimed therein is disclosed and claimed in part in my copending application Serial No. 140,7 26, filed October 11, 1926, in part in my copending application Serial No. 142,230, filed October 18, 1926, in part in my copending application Serial No. 142,231, filed October 18, 1926, and in part in my copending application Serial No. 148,317, filed October 22,1926.

I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising top and lateral wall portions forming a combustion chamber, and a portion projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the'lateral wall portions thereof; said projecting portion having an upwardly tapering recess therein opening at the base thereof into said combustion chamber.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, top and lateral wall portions over said cylinder forming a combustion chamber, an intake valve in said combustion chamber laterally of said cylinder, and a portion projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into the combustion chamber over the cylinder in spaced relation to the lateral wall portions of the combustion chamber; said projecting portion having a recess therein opening into the combustion chamber, and a spark plug in the upper end of said recess centrally thereof.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising top and lateral wall portions forming a combustion chamber, and a port-ion projectng downwardly from said top wall portion into the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the lateral wall portion thereof; said projecting portion having a tapering recess therein opening at the larger end thereof into said combustion chamber, and the inner and outer surfaces thereof converging downwardly towards each other.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising top and lateral wallportions forming a combustion chamber, and a hollow portion communicating with the water containing spaces of the engine and projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the lateral wall portions thereof; said projecting portion having a downwardly flaring recess therein opening at the base thereof into said combustion chamber.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising top and lateral wall portions forming a combustion chamber, and an annular portion projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into the combustion chamber in spaced relation to the lateral wall portions thereof; the inner surfaces of said annular port-ion diverging downwardly to provide a tapering recess having a relatively large opening into said combustion chamber at the base thereof,'and the outer surface of said annular portion converging downwardly.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder, top and lateral wall portions forming a combustion chamber above the cylinder, and an annular portion projecting from said top wall portion downwardly into the combustion chamber above said cylinder in spaced relation to the lateral wall portions of said combustion chamber; said annular portion tapering towards the base thereof and having a recess therein provided with a relatively large opening into said combustion chamber.

-7. An internal combustion engine comprising top and lateral wall portions forming a combustion chamber, and a recessed portion projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into said combustion chamber in spaced relation to the lateral wall portion thereof; said recess having a wall of step formation.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising top and lateral wall portions forming a combustion chamber, and a recessed portion projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into said combustion chamber in spaced relation to the lateral wall por tion thereof; the walls of said projecting portion being arranged in a series of interior and exterior steps.

9. An internal combustion engine comprising a top and lateral wall portion forming a combustion chamber, and a portion projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into said combustion chamber in spaced relation to said lateral wall portion, and having a downwardly flaring recess therein opening at the base thereof into said combustion chamber, and a spark plug at the apex of said recess.

10. An internal combustion engine comprising ton and lateral wall portions forming a combustion chamber, and a portion of step formation projecting downwardly from said top walltportion into said combustion chamber in spaced relation to said lateral wall portion. and having a downwi rdly flaring recess therein opening at the base thereof into said combustion chamber and a spark plug at the apex of said recess.

11. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder. a water cooled cylinder head above the same having top and lateral wall portions. and a hollow annular portion projecting downwardly from said top wall portion into the combustion chamber above the cylinder in spaced relation to said lat eral wall portion, and communicating with the interior of said cylinder head; said annular portion having a downwardly diverging inner surface pro iding a tapering recess opening atthe base thereof into said combustion chamber, and a converging outer surface; and said inner and outer surfaces consisting of series of horizontal and vertical step portions, and a spark plug at substantially the apex of said rece3.,.

12. An internal combustion engine having an annular downward projection in the ceiling of its combustion chamber, the walls of said projection being arranged in a series of interior and exterior steps.

13. An internal combustion engine having a substantially annular downward projection in the ceiling of its combustion chamber, the inner and outer surfaces of said projection being in planes extending alternately.

in different directions.

14. An internal combustion engine having an annular downward projection in its combustion chamber, the surfaces thereofdecreasing in width in substantially step fashion and providing a substantially conical stepped recess in the interior ofsaid projection, and a spark the apex of said recess.

15. An L-head, four-cycle interna'l combastion engine having a water cooled cylinder head, the combustion chamber in said head having a substantially annular steppedsurface downward projection in the ceilingthereof over the cylinder bore, and the water jacket being extended down within said annular projection so as to afford a substantially even thickness of combustion chamber ceiling wall throughout, and the spark plugbeing located in the center of the recess with-- in said downward projection.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name hereto,

' ARLINGTON MOORE.

plug at substantially 

